S

saprophyte: An organism that lives and feeds on dead or decaying organic matter, e.g. a fungus. Farmers benefit from saprophytes for natural decomposition and nutrient cycling in soil management.

sack: A measure of capacity, particularly for cereals, equal to four bushels. Farmers benefit from using standardized measurements like sacks for consistent and accurate grain storage and trade.

sap: The fluid that circulates through a plant’s vascular system. Understanding sap flow helps farmers manage plant health and productivity.

scarifier: A machine with tines which stirs the soil surface without turning it over. Farmers benefit from using scarifiers to improve soil aeration and reduce compaction.

seedcase: A hard outside cover that protects the seeds of some plants. Farmers benefit from understanding seedcases for better seed handling and storage.

stover: an inferior type of fodder. Properly managing stover ensures efficient use of all available feed resources, supporting livestock nutrition and farm productivity.

shivering: An affliction of the nervous system with involuntary muscular contractions, usually of the hind legs. It is a progressive condition found in horses. Farmers benefit from understanding and managing shivering in horses to ensure their health and productivity.

soilage: green forage crops that are cut and carried to feed animals grazing on unproductive pastures, in order to supplement their diets. Crops commonly used for soilage are clovers and lucerne. Using soilage supports livestock nutrition, ensuring adequate feed supply and promoting healthy growth and productivity.

subsoil: a layer of soil under the topsoil. COMMENT: The subsoil contains little organic matter but chemical substances from the topsoil leach into it. Properly managing subsoil ensures healthy root growth and soil fertility, supporting productive agriculture.

semiochemical: A chemical released by animals, especially insects, as a means of communication, e.g. a pheromone. Farmers benefit from understanding semiochemicals for pest management and crop protection.