F

Four-Course Rotation: Same as Norfolk rotation. Implementing four-course rotation helps maintain soil fertility and reduce pest and disease pressures.

Fancy Breed: A breed reared for decoration or show rather than produce. These breeds add diversity to farming and can be a source of income through shows and exhibitions.

Fermentation: The process whereby carbohydrates are broken down by enzymes from yeast, producing heat and alcohol. Proper fermentation techniques are essential for producing high-quality silage and other products.

Feed Concentrate: An animal feed with a high food value relative to volume. Using feed concentrates efficiently supports livestock growth and productivity.

Fish Farming: The commercial activity of keeping fish in ponds or fenced areas of the sea for sale as food. Also called aquaculture, aquafarming, aquiculture. Fish farming supports sustainable seafood production and diversifies agricultural activities.

Full-Mouthed: Referring to an animal that has a complete set of permanent teeth. Properly managing full-mouthed animals ensures their health and productivity.

Factory Farming: A highly intensive method of rearing animals characterized by keeping large numbers of animals indoors in confined spaces and feeding them processed foods, with the use of drugs to control diseases. This method allows for high production rates but requires careful management to maintain animal health and comply with welfare standards.

Flock Mating: A mating system that uses several males to mate with the females of a flock. Properly managing flock mating enhances genetic diversity and reproductive success.

Fortified: With something added to make stronger. Fortified food and beverages support livestock health and nutrition.

Five Freedoms: A set of guidelines considered when looking after the welfare of farm animals. The five freedoms are: freedom from hunger or thirst; freedom from discomfort; freedom from pain, injury, or disease; freedom to express normal behavior; and freedom from fear and distress. Adhering to these guidelines ensures ethical and humane treatment of livestock.