C

Calcium Phosphate: The main constituent of bones and bone ash fertilizer. Formula: Ca3(PO4)2. Using calcium phosphate fertilizers improves soil fertility and provides essential nutrients for plant growth, enhancing crop yields.

Cross: Cross verb to produce a new form of plant or animal from two different breeds, varieties, or species They crossed two strains of rice to produce a new strain which is highly resistant to disease. noun 1. an act of crossing two plants or animals made a cross between two strains of cattle 2. a new form of plant or animal bred from two different breeds, varieties, or species. Engaging in crossbreeding practices supports genetic diversity and crop or livestock improvement.

Calving Box: A special pen in which a cow is put to calve. Using a calving box helps ensure a controlled, safe environment for cows during calving, reducing stress and complications.

Calf Pneumonia: A disease caused by a virus, affecting dairy-bred and suckled calves. Preventing calf pneumonia involves good ventilation, vaccination, and early detection to reduce losses and improve herd health.

Coppice Forest: Coppice forest, coppice wood noun woodland that has regrown from shoots formed on the stumps or roots of previously cut trees, usually cut again after a few years to provide small branches for uses such as fuel. Managing coppice forests provides sustainable wood production and enhances forest management.

Cull: Cull noun 1. killing a certain number of living animals to keep the population under control or to remove excess animals from a herd or flock deer cull, dairy cow cull the act of killing a certain number of deer or dairy cows 2. an animal that has been separated from the herd or flock and killed, usually because it is old or of poor quality verb to reduce the numbers of wild animals by killing them in a controlled way Deer may have to be culled each year to control the numbers on the hills. COMMENT: In the management of large wild animals without predators, such as herds of deer in Europe, it is usual to kill some mature animals each year to prevent a large population forming and overgrazing the pasture. Without culling, the population would seriously damage their environment and in the end die back from starvation. In the management of dairy cattle, animals are culled from herds to eradicate disease. Managing culls supports livestock health and population control.

Comb: Comb noun the red fleshy crest on a fowl. Managing fowl health includes monitoring the condition of the comb.

CVO: CVO abbreviation Chief Veterinary Officer. Engaging with the Chief Veterinary Officer supports livestock health and veterinary care.

Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association (CCFRA): A company that carries out research and development for food producers and suppliers. Collaborating with research associations like CCFRA can help farmers adopt innovative practices and improve food production processes.

Companion Animal: Companion animal noun an animal that is kept for company and enjoyable interaction, rather than for work or food. Managing companion animals involves providing proper care, nutrition, and healthcare.